Prevalence Of Hypertriglyceridemia Research Articles

Letter by In-Kyung Jeong Regarding Article, Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

Letter by In-Kyung Jeong Regarding Article, Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

Response to Letter Regarding Article, Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

Response to Letter Regarding Article, Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

Dyslipidemia in the Russian Federation: population data, associations with risk factors

Aim. To study the prevalence of dyslipidemias and their association with various risk factors in the Russian population of men and women aged 35-74 years in 2020-2022.Material and methods. This work was carried out as part of the Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases and their Risk Factors in Regions of Russian Federation-3 (ESSE-RF3) study. The sample included 28731 men and women aged 35-74 years living in 15 Russian regions. Hypercholesterolemia (HC) was diagnosed with total cholesterol (TC) ≥5,0 mmol/l, while elevated low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) was considered ≥3,0 mmol/l, hypertriglyceridemia — with triglyceride levels ≥1,7 mmol/l, reduced high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) <1,0 mmol/l in men and <1,2 mmol/l in women. Associations were assessed using logistic regression after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics, drinking status, presence of hypertension (HTN) and stroke.Results. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in the Russian Federation in 2020-2022 was 58,8%, hypertriglyceridemia — 32,2%. The incidence of lipid-lowering therapy increased with age from 1% in the group of 35-44 years to 16% in the group of 65-74 years. On average, only 7,6% of study participants received lipid-lowering therapy. Significant associations of HC with HTN, obesity and alcohol abuse were identified. Similar results were obtained for elevated LDL-C levels, with the exception of alcohol abuse. In turn, a reduced HDL-C level was significantly associated with the lack of higher education, marriage, physical activity, smoking and the presence of diseases.Conclusion. The prevalence of lipid disorders in the Russian Federation in 2020-2022 remained at a high level. These disorders occurred more often in women, and they were better informed about their cholesterol levels and more often received lipid-lowering therapy. HTN, obesity, and some behavioral and social risk factors were associated with dyslipidemia.

Lipid disorders before and after successful liver transplantation.

Liver transplantation (LTx) is the only successful treatment for end-stage liver disease. The results of liver transplantation depend not only on graft survival but may be also affected by superimposed cardiovascular morbidities. The aim of this retrospective study was to assess the prevalence of lipid disorders as one of the important cardiovascular risk factors in patients before and after successful LTx. One hundred eleven patients who underwent liver transplantation because of liver cirrhosis and survived at least 2 years with functioning graft between November 2005 and May 2014 were included in this retrospective analysis. The mean age of the patients at the time of liver transplantation was 49.7±12.2 years. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was assessed before and two years after liver transplantation. This was analyzed in relation to the etiology of liver disease, including alcohol toxicity, viral or autoimmune diseases. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia before and after LTx was 13.5% and 40.5%, respectively (P<0.001). Similarly, hypercholesterolemia was noted in 17.1% and 51.4% respectively (P<0.001). The annual incidence of hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia during the first two years after LTx was 16.2% and 20.7%, respectively. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (18.5% vs 66.7%, P<0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (29.6% vs 70.0%, P=0.002) was significantly lower in patients with the autoimmune cause of liver cirrhosis in comparison to patients with the alcoholic liver disease. The prevalence of dyslipidemia is increased after liver transplantation. The prevalence of dyslipidemia may be related to the cause of liver injury before LTx.

Gender and age features of dyslipidemia in the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region

Aim. To study the gender and age characteristics of dyslipidemia in the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region.Material and methods. A total of 2501 people aged 35-74 among the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region were examined, selected by stratified multi-stage random sampling. The study was performed as part of the third epidemiological study ESSE-RF3. All respondents underwent an anthropometric survey, a questionnaire to identify chronic non-communicable diseases and related risk factors. The following laboratory tests were performed: total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoproteins (LDL-C), high-density lipoproteins (HDL-C), triglycerides (TG). Among the entire cohort of patients at the time of blood sampling, 276 people (11,0%) were receiving lipid-lowering drugs. They were excluded from further analysis. Hypercholesterolemia (HCL) was recorded with a total cholesterol ≥5,0 mmol/l, an increased level of LDL-C — with a level ≥3,0 mmol/l, hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) — with a TG ≥1,7 mmol/l, a reduced level of HDL-C — with a level in males ≤1,0 mmol/l, in women ≤1,2 mmol/l.Results. The prevalence of HCL was 65,1%. In the young cohort (40-44 years), men were significantly more likely to have hypercholesterolemia, but in the middle (50-54 years) and older (60 years or more) age groups, this lipid metabolism disorder was observed with greater frequency among females. In addition, 68,9% of the respondents had elevated LDL-C levels. When studying the prevalence of this type of dyslipidemia in different age groups among men and women, a similar trend can be noted with similar TC values, but significant gender differences in the prevalence of elevated LDL-C levels l were revealed only in the 60-64 and 65-69 years groups. The prevalence of HTG among the adult population of the Nizhny Novgorod region was 42,6%. Among the 35-49 years and 55-59 years age groups, the prevalence of elevated TG levels was significantly more common among men. The incidence of decreased HDL-C levels was 13,3%. This type of dyslipidemia was significantly more often detected among men only in the youngest subgroup (35-39 years).Conclusion. Among the population of the Nizhny Novgorod region, hypercholesterolemia occurred in 65,1% of respondents, an increased level of LDL-C — in 68,9%, a HTG — in 42,6%, a reduced level of HDL-C — in 13,3%. The data obtained determine a high cardiovascular risk and require the development of prevention and treatment measures for lipid metabolism disorders.

Serum monoterpene levels, glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles, and metabolic syndrome in adults: NHANES, 2013–2014

Monoterpenes are organic compounds which have been studied for their medicinal benefits. However, the association between monoterpene exposure and metabolic parameters in humans is unknown. We investigated the connection between three specific monoterpenes (α-pinene, β-pinene, and limonene), glucose homeostasis biomarkers, lipid profiles, and metabolic syndrome (MS) in 1627 adults from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2013–2014. We found serum levels of α-pinene and β-pinene were positively associated with fasting glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, and apolipoprotein B. In addition, increased levels of limonene and Σmonoterpene (sum of three monoterpene chemicals) were linked to higher insulin, β-cell function, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), triglycerides, and apolipoprotein B. Participants with all three monoterpenes above the 50th percentile had notably higher values for total cholesterol and triglycerides compared to those with all three monoterpenes below the 50th percentile (P for trend <0.001). Regarding MS, higher serum concentrations of α-pinene were linked to an increased risk of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) insufficiency and hypertriglyceridemia. Elevated concentrations of β-pinene were associated with a higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. Moreover, increased levels of limonene and Σmonoterpene were connected to a higher risk of MS, larger waist circumference, low HDL-C, hypertriglyceridemia, and higher blood pressure according to MS criteria. In conclusion, serum monoterpenes levels were linked to glucose regulation, lipid profiles, and indicators of MS. Further studies are necessary to clarify the potential causal relationships.

Severe hypertriglyceridemia prevalence at a primary care setting in Catalonia, Spain

Hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) increases the risk of cardiovascular disease and pancreatitis, and its prevalence varies across populations. To determine the prevalence of moderate-to-severe hypertriglyceridemia (msHTG, 500-879mg/dl) and severe hypertriglyceridemia (sHTG, ≥ 880mg/dl) in a primary care population in Catalonia, Spain, and to categorize them according to presence/absence of factors potentially causing HTG. Retrospective analysis of clinical and laboratory data in SIDIAP (Information System for the Development of Primary Care Research) from 2010, 2013, 2016, and 2019. We considered medications with hypolipidemic effects and those potentially increasing TG levels. We developed logistic regression models adjusted by age and sex to calculate the probability of having ms/sHTG according to covariates of interest. In the study years, 36.2‒42.0% of the >3.5 million active primary care users had ≥1 TG determination. Prevalence for msHTG was 0.7% and for sHTG 0.2% among those with recorded TG. In 2019, 54.7% were female; median (IQR) age was 62.5 (49.4‒73.7) years. Prevalence was higher in 36‒50-year-old persons (1.3% msHTG, 0.4% sHTG) and men (1.1% msHTG, 0.3% sHTG). Most cases were associated with secondary and <20% with non-secondary causes, the latter being most prevalent in young patients. The secondary causes more strongly associated with msHTG/sHTG were obesity, uncontrolled diabetes mellitus (DM) and gamma-glutamyl transferase >100U/L. The prevalence of msHTG was 0.7% and that of sHTG was 0.2% between 2010 and 2019 among individuals with recorded TG. msHTG/sHTG most often affected men around their fifties and people with obesity and uncontrolled DM. Most msHTG and sHTG cases were associated with the presence of secondary causes.

Prevalence of metabolic syndrome and its components in Chinese women with premature ovarian insufficiency

Objectives To assess the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) and its components in Chinese women with premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and to explore the metabolic profile of Chinese women with POI. Methods 118 POI women aged 20-38 years and 151 age-and-BMI-matched control women were recruited. Measurements included body height, weight, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC), blood pressure, follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), estradiol (E2), triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), fasting plasma glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS). Prevalence and components of MetS and metabolic indices were compared between the two groups. Results The prevalence of MetS in POI women and age-and-BMI-matched control women was 16.9% and 11.3%, respectively, which was not significantly different (p > .05). The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and high fasting glucose was significantly higher in POI than control (17.8% vs. 9.3%, p = .039; 16.9% vs. 6.6%, p = .008), without significant differences in the prevalence of other components of MetS (p > .05). The levels of TG, FINS, and HOMA-IR in POI were significantly higher than in control (p < .05) but without significant differences in WC, WHR, SBP, DBP, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, and FPG (p > .05). HOMA-IR was positively correlated with WC, DBP, TG, and FPG and negatively correlated with HDL-C in both POI women and control (p < .05). Conclusions POI women presented with more unfavorable cardiovascular risk factors (higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and high fasting glucose; higher TG, FINS, and HOMA-IR). So, women diagnosed with POI should always be covered with special care of metabolic profile.

Prevalence of dyslipidemia and its associated factors among university academic staff and students in Bangladesh

BackgroundDyslipidemia is one of the important contributors to cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes. There is little or no information on dyslipidemia among academic staff and students in Bangladesh. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the prevalence and factors related to dyslipidemia among university academic staff and students in Bangladesh.MethodsA total of 533 participants (302 academic staff and 231 students) were enrolled in this cross-sectional study. A simple random sampling technique was used to enrol the participants. Fasting blood samples were obtained from the participants, and serum levels of triglycerides (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) were measured using the standard methods. Dyslipidemia was defined according to the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III (NCEP-ATP-III) model guideline. Multivariable logistic regression was conducted to identify the factors related to lipid marker abnormalities.ResultsOverall, the prevalence of dyslipidemia was 81.5%, of which 85% was in staff and 76.5% in students. A significant difference was found in the prevalence of dyslipidemia between males and females only in the student group (p < 0.01). Among staff, hypertriglyceridemia prevalence was 49.7%, hypercholesterolemia 23%, high LDL-C 24.7% and low HDL-C 77.3%. On the other hand, hypertriglyceridemia prevalence was 39%, hypercholesterolemia 25.6%, high LDL-C 26.5% and low HDL-C 69.3% among students. The most common lipid abnormality was low HDL-C in both groups. The prevalence of mixed dyslipidemia was 14.2% and 14.1% in staff and students, respectively. According to the regression analysis, increased age, obesity, diabetes, and inadequate physical activity were significantly associated with dyslipidemia.ConclusionsDyslipidemia was prevalent among the majority of the study participants. Increased age, obesity, diabetes, and inadequate physical activity were significantly associated with dyslipidemia. The study’s results highlight the importance of implementing interventions to address the associated risk factors of dyslipidemia among academic staff and students in Bangladesh.

LIPID DISORDERS BEFORE AND AFTER SUCCESFUL LIVER TRANSPLANTATION

Objective: Liver transplantation (LTx) is the only successful treatment for end-stage liver disease. Long term results of liver transplantation not only depend upon graft survival but it may be also affected by superimposed cardiovascular morbidities. This single center, retrospective, clinical study was aimed to assess the prevalence of lipid disorders in patients before and after successful LTx. Design and method: One hundred eleven patients (mean age 49.7±12.2 years) who underwent Ltx because of liver cirrhosis and survived at least 2 years with functioning graft were included in this retrospective analysis. The prevalence of dyslipidemia was assessed before and two years after LTx. This was analyzed in relation to etiology of liver disease, including alcohol toxicity, viral or autoimmune diseases. Results: Before and after LTx the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by hypercholesterolemia were 13.5% and 40.5%, (P&lt;0.001), 17.1% and 51.4% r (P&lt;0.001), as well as 7.2% and 27.9% (P&lt;0.001) respectively. There was no significant differences in prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (7.4% vs 10.0% vs 16.2%), hypercholesterolemia (14.8% vs 16.7% vs 14.2%) as well as hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by hypercholesterolemia (3.7% vs 3.3% vs 10.8%) in patients before LTx with the autoimmune, alcoholic and viral cause of liver cirrhosis, respectively. Two years after LTx the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (18.5% vs 66.7%, P&lt;0.001) and hypercholesterolemia (29.6% vs 70.0%, P = 0.002), as well as hypertriglyceridemia accompanied by hypercholesterolemia (14.8% vs 46.7%, P = 0.009) was significantly lower in patients with the autoimmune cause of liver cirrhosis in comparison to patients with the alcoholic liver disease. Conclusions: 1. The prevalence of dyslipidemia is increased after LTx. 2. The prevalence of dyslipidemia after LTx may be related to the cause of liver injury before LTx.

Hypertriglyceridemia associated with the use of capecitabine in a Mexican cohort.

e24107 Background: Capecitabine is a prodrug activated to its cytotoxic form 5-fluorouracil by thymidine phosphorylase whose active metabolites inhibit DNA synthesis by reducing thymidine production and also inhibits RNA and protein synthesis by competing with uridine triphosphate. Capecitabine is used in many types of tumors and its main reported side effects are diarrhea, hand-foot syndrome and hematologic toxicity. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a cohort of patients visited in a private hospital in Mexico City, that has a basal triglyceride profile and at least two determinations during treatment with capecitabine with or without oxaliplatin. Results: We analyzed 14 patients with a mean age of 55 years (IQR 40-73), 12 patients with colorectal cancer, 78.5% in the adjuvant setting, a half of patients with capecitabine monotherapy and the other half in combination with oxaliplatin. Comorbidities as overweight/obesity were seen in a half of the patients, diabetes in 21.4% and hypertriglyceridemia at baseline in 57.1% of patients all of them G1. The mean baseline glucose was 99.5 mg/dl (IQR 74-174), the mean baseline cholesterol was 180.8 mg/dl (IQR 85-243), the mean baseline triglycerides was 153.3 mg/dl (IQR 85-243). During capecitabine treatment a total of 85.7% of patients developed hypertriglyceridemia: G3/4 of 21.4%, G2 of 28.5%, G1 of 35.7%. No patient developed a serious complication associated with hypertriglyceridemia such as pancreatitis. There was no association between monotherapy or combination treatment with oxaliplatin, of patients with grade ≥2 hypertriglyceridemia, five received capecitabine monotherapy and two in combination with oxaliplatin. Also, no association was found among the highest levels of cholesterol, glucose, disease stage, age or body mass index. All of the 6 patients with normal baseline triglycerides developed hypertriglyceridemia 66.6% G1 and 33.3% G2. All the patients who present with hypertriglyceridemia G3/4 had baseline hypertriglyceridemia and 66.6% also diabetes. Conclusions: This analysis shows the high prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia associated with the use of capecitabine as monotherapy or combined with oxaliplatin in a Mexican cohort, with an incidence of 21.4% of hypertriglyceridemia G3/4 having the pre-existing hypertriglyceridemia and diabetes as risk factors. The cause of the worsening of the lipid profile requires more research but justify lipid profile at baseline and during the treatment with capecitabine. Due to the small size of the sample, the findings need to be confirmed with a prospective study with a larger number of patients.

Associations between dietary copper intake and hypertriglyceridemia among children and adolescents in the US

Background and aimsA relationship exists between dietary copper intake and hypertriglyceridemia in the United States (US). However, children and adolescents have there is limited research data for children and adolescents, who have not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to carefully evaluate this relationship. Methods and resultsThis cross-sectional study included 3982 children and adolescents who participated in the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 1999–2006. The outcome variable was hypertriglyceridemia, defined as a triglyceride (TG) concentration >150 mg/dL. Multivariate and binary logistic regression models were applied in this study. The median (Q1–Q3) copper intake and TG levels were 0.98 (0.71–1.32) mg/d and 72.00 (53.00–100.00) mg/dL, respectively. The smoothing curve showed an inverted L-shaped relationship between copper intake and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in American children and adolescents. A binary logistic regression model was developed to evaluate the relationship between copper intake and the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, and the inflection point was 0.76 mg/d. The odds of developing hypertriglyceridemia significantly increased with increasing levels of copper intake (odds ratio (OR), 2.00; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39–2.86) in participants with copper intake >0.76 mg/d (P for log likelihood ratio test = 0.032). The association between high copper intake and increased hypertriglyceridemia risk was significantly stronger in participants with a high body mass index (BMI; ≥23 kg/m2) (OR: 2.09; 95% CI: 1.42–3.07) than in those with a low BMI (tertile 1–2) (p for interaction = 0.048). Moreover, the increase in copper intake in adolescents aged 13–18 years significantly increased the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (OR: 1.95; 95% CI: 1.38–2.76; p for interaction = 0.001). ConclusionHigher dietary copper intake increases the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia, especially among US adolescents with a BMI ≥23 kg/m2.

Prevalence and factors associated with dyslipidemia in Bangladeshi adults.

Dyslipidemia is one of the modifiable risk factors for cardiovascular disease and a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. This study was designed to estimate the prevalence and factors associated with dyslipidemia in Bangladeshi adults. A total of 603 participants aged ≥ 18 years were recruited in the study. Serum levels of total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were analyzed using enzymatic colorimetric methods. Dyslipidemia was defined based on serum lipids levels following the standard guidelines by National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate risk factors associated with dyslipidemia. The overall prevalence of dyslipidemia was 89% with no significant difference between male (90.1%) and female (85.7) subjects. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 51.7%, hypercholesterolemia 41.6%, high LDL 43.9% and low HDL 78.8%. When participants were classified into healthy control, hypertensive and diabetic groups, the lipid levels and prevalence of lipid abnormalities were higher in hypertensive and diabetic groups compared to the control group. Low HDL level was the main prevalent dyslipidemia among study subjects. The prevalence of isolated hypertriglyceridemia, isolated hypercholesterolemia, and isolated low HDL-C was 24.7%, 14.7%, and 25.5%, respectively. Mixed hyperlipidemia was prevalent in 26.9% of the participants. According to the logistic regression analysis, significant associated factors of dyslipidemia were increased age, overweight, general and abdominal obesity, hypertension, diabetes and inadequate physical activity. This study shows a high prevalence of dyslipidemia in Bangladeshi adults. Important risk factors of dyslipidemia are increased age, overweight, general and abdominal obesity, diabetes, hypertension and low physical activity. Our results suggest that awareness-raising programs are required to prevent and control dyslipidemia among Bangladeshi adults.

Trends in Prevalence of Hypertriglyceridemia and Related Factors in Korean Adults: A Serial Cross-Sectional Study.

We aimed to investigate the longitudinal trends in prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in Korean adults and hypertriglyceridemia-associated lifestyle habits, socioeconomic factors and comorbidities. Data from the 2007-2020 Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) were used in this study. Two cutoff values (≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL) for fasting serum triglyceride levels were used to estimate the age- and sex-specific prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. Use of lipid-lowering medications, lifestyle factors such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and regular exercise, socioeconomic variables such as educational attainment and household income, and comorbidities such as obesity, abdominal obesity, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus were also investigated. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among Koreans based on KNHANES 2007-2020 was 29.6% at ≥150 mg/dL and 16.1% at ≥200 mg/dL. While the rate of using lipid-lowering medications increased steadily from 2007 to 2020, changes in annual prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia were subtle. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in men peaked in middle age (47.7% and 30.0% for ≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL, respectively, in their 40s), but its prevalence in women increased throughout their lifetime (32.6% and 14.7% for ≥150 mg/dL and ≥200 mg/dL, respectively, in their 70s). Smoking and high-risk drinking exacerbated peak prevalence in both sexes. Young adults with any comorbidities had prominently increased prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia. The lowest levels of education and income were both associated with the higher prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia in both sexes. It is important to understand the age- and sex-specific epidemiology of hypertriglyceridemia to establish its appropriate management plans.

Analysis of the effect of glutamyltransferase on hyperlipidemia based on decision tree.

This study is designed to analyze the potential influencing factors of hyperlipidemia, and to explore the relationship between liver function indicators such as gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) and hyperlipidemia. Data were derived from 7599 outpatients who visited the Department of Endocrinology of the First Hospital of Jilin University (2017-2019). A multinomial regression model is used to identify related factors of hyperlipidemia and the decision tree method is used to explore the general rules in hyperlipidemia patients and non-hyperlipidemia patients on these factors. The average of age, body mass index (BMI), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), GGT and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) in the hyperlipidemia group are higher than those in the non-hyperlipidemia group. In multiple regression analysis, SBP, BMI, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h postprandial blood glucose, HbA1c, ALT, GGT are associated with triglyceride. For people with HbA1c less than 6.0%, controlling GGT within 30 IU/L reduces the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia by 4%, and for people with metabolic syndrome with impaired glucose tolerance controlling GGT within 20 IU/L reduces the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia by 11%. Even when GGT is in the normal range, the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia increases with its gradual increase. Controlling GGT in people with normoglycemia and impaired glucose tolerance can reduce the risk of hyperlipidemia.

The "fruit and whole-grain" pattern is associated with a low prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia among middle and older-aged Korean adults: Using Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018 data.

Hypertriglyceridemia is a well-known risk factor of various chronic diseases including diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, obesity, and cardiovascular diseases. This study aimed to determine dietary patterns and explore the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertriglyceridemia in the Korean adult population. We utilized a cross-sectional and nationally representative survey, the Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2013-2018 database. From 47,217 subjects who participated in the survey between 2013 and 2018, only subjects over 40 years old were included. Subjects lacking 24-h recall data and data on hypertriglyceridemia and body mass index, and who had implausible energy intake were excluded. A total of 19,806 participants' data were analyzed. Dietary data were based on 24-h recall data, and dietary patterns were derived using factor analysis. Triglyceride levels greater than 200 mg/dl were considered hypertriglyceridemia, according to the Korean Society of Lipid and Atherosclerosis. Three dietary patterns- "oil and fats & seasoning", "soybean paste and vegetable", and "fruit and whole-grain"- explained 7.9%, 6.3%, and 5.8% of variation in food intake, respectively. Comparing the lowest and highest dietary pattern score groups after adjusting for potential confounders revealed an inverse relationship between "fruit and whole-grain" dietary pattern and hypertriglyceridemia in men (odds ratio [OR]: 0.61, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.45-0.82, p for trend <.0001); which was only marginal in women (OR: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.58-1.07, p for trend: .628). A diet containing high proportions of fruit and whole-grain may have preventive effects on hypertriglyceridemia in middle and older aged Korean adults.

Distribution of lipid levels and prevalence of hyperlipidemia: data from the NHANES 2007–2018

BackgroundLipid-lowering therapy is important, and the distribution of lipid levels and the incidence of hyperlipidemia may vary in different subgroups of the population. We aimed to explore the distribution of lipid levels and the prevalence of hyperlipidemia in subpopulations with subgroup factors, including age, sex, race, and smoking status.MethodsOur study used data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) from 2007 to 2018, ultimately enrolling and analyzing 15,499 participants. A cross-sectional analysis was performed to assess the distribution of lipids and prevalence of hyperlipidemia in subpopulations, and multifactorial logistic regression analyses were performed for the prevalence of hyperlipidemia, adjusted for age, sex, race and smoking status.ResultsBlacks had significantly lower mean serum total cholesterol and triglycerides and higher serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) than whites (P < 0.001). In contrast, Mexican Americans had markedly higher mean serum triglycerides and lower serum HDL-C than whites (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the prevalence of hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia was lower in blacks than in whites (P = 0.003 and P < 0.001, respectively), while the prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was significantly higher in Mexican Americans than in whites (P = 0.002). In addition, total cholesterol and triglyceride levels were significantly higher in women aged 65 years or older and markedly higher than in men in the same age group (P < 0.001). In addition, overall mean total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were higher in smokers than in nonsmokers (P = 0.01, P < 0.001, and P = 0.005, respectively).ConclusionBased on NHANES data, the mean lipid levels and prevalence of hyperlipidemia differed by sex, age, race, and smoking status.

A Study Of Prevalence Of Chronic Kidney Disease In Patients With Metabolic Syndrome In Urban Population Attending A Tertiary Care Center In India: A Hospital-Based Prospective Cross-Sectional Observational Study

The study aims to determine the prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) and its risk factors in patients with Metabolic Syndrome in a tertiary care center in India. It was a hospital-based prospective observational study where NCEP ATP III CRITERIA was used to diagnose patients with Metabolic Syndrome, and CKD was defined according to KDIGO Guidelines. Out of 172 patients with Metabolic Syndrome, CKD was seen in 52 patients, of which 29 were males and 23 were females, so the prevalence of CKD in Metabolic Syndrome patients was about 30.23%. (52/172) P Value = 0.0000204. In our study, the prevalence of hyperglycemia in CKD patients with Metabolic Syndrome was 24.41% (42/172) P Value = .0011. The prevalence of obesity was 19.18% (33/172) P Value = .00844. The prevalence of hypertension was 28.48% (49/172) P Value = 2.72. The prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia was 26.12% (45\172) P Value = 0.000002086. The prevalence of hyperglycemia, obesity, and hypertriglyceridemia was significantly high in males. The prevalence of CKD in Metabolic Syndrome is 30.23% which is quite high, and since the prevalence of CKD is rising in India, we need more studies to look into this aspect of Metabolic Syndrome.

Association of serum secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like protein 1 with metabolic measures and dyslipidemia among Chinese adults.

Recent studies found that secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine-like protein 1 (Sparcl1) could inhibit lipid droplets accumulation by peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma (PPARγ) signal pathway. However, the associations of serum Sparcl1 level with lipids profiles and other metabolic phenotypes remain unknown in human population study. We determined serum Sparcl1 using sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays among 1750 adults aged 40 years and older from a community in Shanghai, China. Generalized linear regression models were used to evaluate the association between Sparcl1 and metabolic measures. Multivariable-adjusted logistic regression analyses were performed to evaluate the relationship of serum Sparcl1 with prevalent dyslipidemia. With the increment of serum Sparcl1, participants tended to have lower level of triglycerides, and higher level of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (all P for trend &lt; 0.01). No significant associations between serum Sparcl1 and glucose, blood pressure, or body size were observed. The generalized linear regression models suggested that per standard deviation (SD) increment of serum Sparcl1 was significantly inversely associated with triglycerides (β= -0.06, P=0.02). The prevalence of dyslipidemia decreased across the sparcl1 quartiles (P for trend &lt;0.01). After controlling the potential confounders, participants in the highest quartile of sparcl1 concentration had the lowest prevalence of dyslipidemia (odds ratio [OR], 0.69; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52-0.91), compared with the lowest quartile. Per SD increment of Sparcl1 was associated with 20% (OR, 0.80; 95%CI, 0.69-0.94) lower prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia and 12% (OR, 0.88; 95%CI, 0.79-0.97) lower prevalence of dyslipidemia. The association between serum Sparcl1 and dyslipidemia were generally consistent across subgroups (all P for interaction &gt; 0.05). Serum Sparcl1 was significantly associated with decreased risk of prevalent dyslipidemia in Chinese population. Further studies are warranted to confirm this association.

Phenotypic Differences Among Familial Partial Lipodystrophy Due to LMNA or PPARG Variants.

Despite several reports of familial partial lipodystrophy (FPLD) type 2 (FPLD2) due to heterozygous LMNA variants and FPLD3 due to PPARG variants, the phenotypic differences among them remain unclear. To compare the body fat distribution, metabolic parameters, and prevalence of metabolic complications between FPLD3 and FPLD2. A retrospective, cross-sectional comparison of patients from 2 tertiary referral centers-UT Southwestern Medical Center and the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases. A total of 196 females and 59 males with FPLD2 (age 2-86 years) and 28 females and 4 males with FPLD3 (age 9-72 years) were included. The main outcome measures were skinfold thickness, regional body fat by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), metabolic variables, and prevalence of diabetes mellitus and hypertriglyceridemia. Compared with subjects with FPLD2, subjects with FPLD3 had significantly increased prevalence of hypertriglyceridemia (66% vs 84%) and diabetes (44% vs 72%); and had higher median fasting serum triglycerides (208 vs 255 mg/dL), and mean hemoglobin A1c (6.4% vs 7.5%). Compared with subjects with FPLD2, subjects with FPLD3 also had significantly higher mean upper limb fat (21% vs 27%) and lower limb fat (16% vs 21%) on DXA and increased median skinfold thickness at the anterior thigh (5.8 vs 11.3 mm), calf (4 vs 6 mm), triceps (5.5 vs 7.5 mm), and biceps (4.3 vs 6.8 mm). Compared with subjects with FPLD2, subjects with FPLD3 have milder lipodystrophy but develop more severe metabolic complications, suggesting that the remaining adipose tissue in subjects with FPLD3 may be dysfunctional or those with mild metabolic disease are underrecognized.